城市化进程中的广东茂名农村妇女健身状况研究*     

李尚胥  董业平  杨慧蓉 《广州体育学院学报》2016,(3):68-71

为了揭示广东茂名农村妇女健身状况,在查阅相关资料的基础上,自编问卷对茂名地区的1668名农村妇女的健身状况进行调查研究,结果显示:茂名农村妇女健康自评结果基本呈正态分布,为了增进健康,茂名农村妇女大多选择保证睡眠和改善饮食的方式,其次选择生活规律和补充营养,只有23.02％的妇女选择健身来增进健康,还有8.63％的妇女选择求神拜佛来增进健康.不想和一点都不想健身的人数比例都比认为健身不重要和一点都不重要的多.有85.24％的茂名农村妇女达不到每周健身3次的标准;每次健身时间达到30min以上者的比例仅有17.21％;有28.69％的茂名农村妇女运动强度达到体育人口的标准.健身意识不强、传统观念的束缚是阻碍农村妇女健身的主观因素,没时间、经济水平低下、场地设施匮乏和没人指导是影响农村妇女健身活动的主要客观原因.  相似文献   

间歇运动激活心梗大鼠心肌NRG1-PI3K/Akt通路抑制心肌细胞凋亡     

谭支内  蔡梦昕  陈婷  Shaojun Du  田振军 《北京体育大学学报》2016,39(6):69-76+83

摘要：目的: 探讨心脏NRG1在间歇运动激活心梗(myocardial infarction，MI)大鼠心肌NRG1-PI3K/Akt通路抑制心肌细胞凋亡的作用。方法：雄性SD大鼠48只，随机分为假手术组(S)，心梗安静组(MI)，心梗+间歇运动组(ME)，心梗+间歇运动+抑制剂组(MEA)，每组12只。采用左冠脉前降支结扎法建立MI模型。S组手术仅穿线不结扎。ME组和MEA组在MI术后1wk进行跑台间歇运动。运动开始速度为10m/min运动10min后，速度逐渐增至25m/min×7 min，再以15 m/min×3min运动，之后依次交替进行。60min×1次/d，5d/1wk×8wk。训练结束后次日，腹腔麻醉，颈动脉插管测定LVSP、LVEDP及±dp/dtmax。之后开胸摘取心脏，进行组织学制片，Masson染色。荧光实时定量PCR测定心肌NRG1及其受体ErbB2/4表达。Western Blot法检测心肌NRG1、ErbB2/4、PI3K/Akt、Bcl-2和Bax蛋白含量。Caspase3表达及TUNEL检测观察分析心肌细胞凋亡情况。结果: MI组胶原容积百分比(CVF)和LVEDP较S组显著升高(P<0.01,P<0.01)，LVSP和±dp/dtmax显著降低(P<0.01,P<0.01)。且MI后心肌ErbB4 mRNA表达显著降低(P<0.01)，心肌NRG1、ErbB2和ErbB4蛋白表达显著降低(P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.01)，PI3K/Akt蛋白表达及Bcl-2/Bax比值显著降低(P<0.01,P<0.01)，TUNEL阳性细胞数和Caspase3活力显著增加(P<0.01,P<0.01)。ME组CVF和LVEDP较MI组显著降低(P<0.01,P<0.01)，LVSP和±dp/dtmax显著升高(P<0.01,P<0.01)，心肌NRG1、ErbB2和ErbB4 mRNA及蛋白表达均显著增加(P<0.01,P<0.01,P<0.01)，PI3K/Akt蛋白表达和Bcl-2/Bax比值显著增加(P<0.01,P<0.01)，TUNEL阳性细胞数和Caspase3活力显著降低(P<0.01,P<0.01)，且运动效应被抑制剂AG1478显著减弱。结论:间歇运动可通过激活心肌NRG1及其受体表达，上调PI3K/Akt蛋白表达，抑制心肌细胞凋亡和胶原过度增生，改善心功能。  相似文献   

乡土社会仪式中的身体运动研究     

郭学松  陈上越  吴祖会 《南京体育学院学报(社会科学版)》2016,(2):22-28

运用文献调研、实地考察等研究方法，以特纳《仪式过程》理论为导向，以福建厦门“送王船”仪式中“阈限”范畴内的身体运动为研究对象，挖掘“送王船”仪式活动沿承的社会元素。认为，“送王船”仪式中“阈限”过程中的身体运动是该仪式活动的核心支撑及象征之展示。在人类发展过程中的原始宗教观促生了以肢体运动的象征寓意，以身体运动文化反应精神和心灵需求。这种肢体运动的内涵与外延，在海峡两岸关系和谐发展中具有积极的文化政治导向功能，对村落经济发展具有可视的补偿性功能，有利于实现村落传统文化功能激活，是时代发展中村民们的重要精神寄托，对农村劳动力素质培植将产生潜移默化的作用。  相似文献   

有氧运动对我国肥胖少年儿童的干预效果研究--基于元分析方法     

解超  金成吉  张军 《南京体育学院学报(社会科学版)》2016,(2):84-90

研究目的：运用元分析法( Meta-analysis)检验有氧运动对我国肥胖少年儿童的干预效果。研究方法：检索20052010年23篇相关文献进行元分析,对23篇文献质量进行评估后,采用随机效应模型对研究的效应值和异质性进行检验。研究结果：23篇文献GRADE风险评估结果为A级12篇、B级9篇、C级2篇,文献存在系统误差的可能性很低。元分析结果中效应值为2．59,95%CI(2．14,3．05),说明有氧运动干预对于我国少年儿童的肥胖具有很好的干预效果。异质性检验指标Q值为21．13(P=0．51),I2=0%,研究间不存在异质性和发表偏倚。研究结论：有氧运动是我国肥胖少年儿童进行减肥的有效手段,对少年儿童的肥胖干预效果十分明显。持续3个月以上,每周36次,每次4090分钟的中等强度有氧运动对于我国少年儿童减肥效果最佳。  相似文献   

低氧运动调控PPARα表达的研究述评          下载免费PDF全文

鞠丽丽 《河北体育学院学报》2016,30(6):77-81

过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体α(PPARα)是参与调控脂代谢、抑制炎症反应和促进脂肪细胞分化的重要细胞核受体.而低氧运动可通过激活一系列分子应答机制,促进机体不同组织PPARα表达及其介导的信号分子通路重新整合,从而改变机体脂代谢体系.利用文献资料法,梳理低氧刺激对机体PPARα表达影响的相关研究,总结不同组织PPARα对其低氧运动产生代偿性适应的可能分子机制,旨在更好地解释低氧环境下运动机体PPARα在调控脂代谢中的作用.  相似文献   

有氧运动调节驱动蛋白改善AD模型皮层线粒体轴突转运     

于晓伟  解玉珍  顾博雅  赵丽 《北京体育大学学报》2016,39(6):63-68

摘要：目的：观察8周有氧运动对AD小鼠皮层线粒体顺向轴浆转运驱动蛋白的影响。方法：清洁级4月龄APP/PS1、C57BL/6J小鼠各40只随机分为安静组和运动组，运动组进行8周跑台运动，5 d/w，60min/d，前10min负荷15m/min，后50min负荷18m/min，坡度为0。透射电镜观察皮层额叶、颞叶线粒体形态和数目变化；Western blot检测皮层额叶、颞叶线粒体驱动蛋白重链（Kinesin heavy chain，KHC）、驱动蛋白轻链1（Kinesin light chain 1，KLC1）、驱动蛋白轻链2（Kinesin light chain 2，KLC2）表达量。结果：1）电镜下C57正常对照组皮层突触、线粒体结构清晰完整，线粒体数目较多且分布均匀；8周的有氧运动使异常线粒体数目呈减少趋势。电镜下可见安静组APP/PS1小鼠皮层出现神经毡结构松散，少见典型的突触结构，线粒体肿胀、膜破裂，异常线粒体的数目较多；8周的有氧运动改善其突触结构，可见排列整齐的突触小泡增多，异常线粒体数目有所减少。2）安静组APP/PS1组小鼠皮层额叶、颞叶KHC、KLC1、KLC2表达较正常对照组均减少（P<0.05）；8周的有氧运动显著提高皮层额叶KHC、KLC1、KLC2和颞叶KHC、KLC1的表达。结论：8周有氧运动可以通过上调APP/PS1小鼠皮层线粒体顺向转运马达蛋白Kinesin重链和轻链的表达，减轻线粒体顺向轴浆转运障碍，增加线粒体在突触的分布，改善突触的结构和功能，是运动改善APP/PS1小鼠行为学的分子机制之一。  相似文献   

太原市高校体教专业学生短跑课损伤现状与预防     

冯强 《体育科技文献通报》2014,(6):120-121

通过对太原市体教专业学生在田径短跑课中运动损伤调查统计,发现太原市高校体育教育专业学生在田径短跑课中,由于准备活动不充分、学生自我保护意识差、技术动作要领不正确、带伤上课等原因造成了运动损伤,针对以上问题提出加强基本功训练、加强运动中的保护和自我保护意识等建议。  相似文献   

Virtual-reality exergaming improves performance during high-intensity interval training     

Matthew Farrow  Christof Lutteroth  Peter C. Rouse 《European Journal of Sport Science》2019,19(6):719-727

Purpose: To determine if: (i) mean power output and enjoyment of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) are enhanced by virtual-reality (VR)-exergaming (track mode) compared to standard ergometry (blank mode), (ii) if mean power output of HIIT can be increased by allowing participants to race against their own performance (ghost mode) or by increasing the resistance (hard mode), without compromising exercise enjoyment.

Methods: Sixteen participants (8 males, 8 females, VO₂max: 41.2?±?10.8 ml^?1·kg^?1·min^?1) completed four VR-HIIT conditions in a partially-randomised cross-over study; (1a) blank, (1b) track, (2a) ghost, and (2b) hard. VR-HIIT sessions consisted of eight 60 s high-intensity intervals at a resistance equivalent to 70% (77% for hard) maximum power output (P_MAX), interspersed by 60 s recovery intervals at 12.5% P_MAX, at a self-selected cadence. Expired gases were collected and VO₂ measured continuously. Post-exercise questionnaires were administered to identify differences in indices related to intrinsic motivation, subjective vitality, and future exercise intentions.

Results: Enjoyment was higher for track vs. blank (difference: 0.9; 95% CI: 0.6, 1.3) with no other differences between conditions. There was no difference in mean power output for track vs. blank, however it was higher for track vs. ghost (difference: 5 Watts; CI: 3, 7), and hard vs. ghost (difference: 19 Watts; 95% CI: 15, 23).

Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that VR-exergaming is an effective intervention to increase enjoyment during a single bout of HIIT in untrained individuals. The presence of a ghost may be an effective method to increase exercise intensity of VR-HIIT.  相似文献   

Transmission of vibration from a vibrating plate to the head of standing people     

Naser Nawayseh 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2019,18(5):482-500

Little is known about the transmission of vibration to the head when using whole-body vibration (WBV) training machines. This paper investigates the effect of frequency and posture on the transmission of vibration from a vibrating plate to the head of standing people. Nine male participants were exposed to vertical vibration at nine frequencies in the range of 17–46 Hz and vibration acceleration in the range of 7.85–18.64 m/s² (peak). The participants adopted four standing postures described as standing with locked knee (LK), bent knee (BK), one leg (OL), and one foot to the front and the other to the back (FB). The transmissibility to the head differed among postures (t-test, p < 0.05) and was greatest with the FB posture and smallest with the BK posture. The transmissibility to the head decreased with increasing the frequency (t-test, p < 0.05) but the extent of the decrease depended on the adopted posture. This frequency-posture interaction effect on the transmissibility should be considered when designing a training program. The data will be useful for developing standards/protocols that govern the use of WBV machines as well as for building human body models that can predict potential risks arising from using WBV machines.  相似文献   

3-min all-out effort on cycle ergometer is valid to estimate the anaerobic capacity by measurement of blood lactate and excess post-exercise oxygen consumption     

Alessandro Moura Zagatto  Paulo Eduardo Redkva  Rodrigo Araújo Bonetti de Poli  Joel Abraham Martinez González  Jeniffer Zanetti Brandani  Thiago Penedo 《European Journal of Sport Science》2019,19(5):645-652

The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of a single 3-min all-out maximal effort to estimate anaerobic capacity (AC) through the lactate and excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) response methods (AC_{[La^?]+EPOCfast}) on a cycle ergometer. Eleven physically active men (age?=?28.1?±?4.0?yrs, height?=?175.1?±?4.2?cm, body mass?=?74.8?±?11.9?kg and ?O_2max?=?40.7?±?7.3?mL?kg^?1?min^?1), participated in the study and performed: i) five submaximal efforts, ii) a supramaximal effort at 115% of intensity of ?O_2max, and iii) a 3-min all-out maximal effort. Anaerobic capacity was estimated using the supramaximal effort through conventional maximal accumulated oxygen deficit (MAOD) and also through the sum of oxygen equivalents from the glycolytic (fast component of excess post-exercise oxygen consumption) and phosphagen pathways (blood lactate accumulation) (AC_{[La^?]+EPOCfast}), while during the 3-min all-out maximal effort the anaerobic capacity was estimated using the AC_{[La^?]+EPOCfast} procedure. There were no significant differences between the three methods (p?>?0.05). Additionally, the anaerobic capacity estimated during the 3-min all-out effort was significantly correlated with the MAOD (r?=?0.74; p?=?0.009) and AC_{[La^?]+EPOCfast} methods (r?=?0.65; p?=?0.029). Therefore, it is possible to conclude that the 3-min all-out effort is valid to estimate anaerobic capacity in physically active men during a single cycle ergometer effort.  相似文献